Journal of Advanced Scientific Research

Recent Advancements in the Management of Calcium Oxalate Stones: A Comprehensive Review

2025-05-31T06:22:22+00:00

Urolithiasis, particularly calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone formation, is a prevalent and debilitating condition globally. The management of CaOx stones has seen significant advancements in recent years, driven by technological innovations and a deeper understanding of stonepathogenesis. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of these recent advancements, focusing on novel diagnostic techniques,minimally invasive surgical interventions, medical expulsive therapy, and preventative strategies. We delve into the latest imaging modalitiesimproving diagnostic accuracy, the evolution of surgical approaches like miniaturized percutaneous nephrolithotomy and flexible ureteroscopy,advancements in medical expulsive therapy with alpha-blockers and other agents, and explore personalized preventative strategies consideringdietary modifications, pharmacological interventions, and emerging research on gut microbiome and nanotechnological approaches. This reviewaims to synthesize current knowledge, highlight the progress made, and identify future directions in the effective management of CaOx stones,ultimately improving patient outcomes and reducing recurrence rates.

Eco-friendly HPLC Strategies for Pharmaceutical Analysis

2025-05-31T06:22:23+00:00

The pharmaceutical business has a significant challenge in the worldwide need to adapt processes to green analytical chemistry (GAC) standards.One of the most common procedures employed at different points in the pharmaceutical manufacturing process is high-performance liquidchromatography (HPLC), which results in massive amounts of organic hazardous waste. Therefore, it is important to incorporate GAC conceptsinto pharmaceutical research and analysis. Although there has been a rise in recent years in the number of papers detailing green chromatographytechniques, they have not yet been widely adopted by the pharmaceutical industry. Reasons for this include analysts’ doubts about whetheror not they have met the method’s requirements, a lack of time to make the necessary adaptations to their standard HPLC instruments, anda lack of relevant experience. This chapter provides a high-level review of green strategies for liquid chromatography (LC) that can be simplyapplied to common instruments for creating environmentally friendly HPLC approaches in pharmaceutical analysis. The goal is to motivatethe analytical community within the pharmaceutical sector business to not only develop new green methods but also to transition the wellestablishedtraditional HPLC methods into environmentally green sustainable alternatives.

Exploration of Substituted Thiazolidine-2,4-Diones: Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Evaluation

2025-05-31T06:23:54+00:00

This research article presents a thorough investigation into the synthesis and assessment of a novel series of compounds- thiazolidine-2,4-diones,specifically 5-((3-methyl-5-phenoxy-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methylene)-3-((5-(4-nitrophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methyl)thiazolidine2,4-dione and other derivatives, focusing on their potential as antibacterial and antifungal agents. The study encompasses a wide array ofexperiments and analyses aimed at evaluating the antimicrobial activity of these compounds against various gram-positive bacteria (including Bacillus megaterium and Micrococcus spp.) and gram-negative microorganisms (such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi). Furthermore, theantifungal activity of the compounds was assessed against Ganoderma spp., Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, and Penicillium spp. The structural identityand purity of the synthesized compounds were verified using different spectroscopic techniques, namely IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and massspectrometry. Following the confirmation, the compounds underwent antibacterial and antifungal screening, revealing that KS/5a and KS/5bdemonstrated remarkable antibacterial activity compared to other compounds in the series. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)values of KS/5a and KS/5b were determined and found to be below the recommended threshold, indicating their potential as highly effectiveantibacterial agents.

A Study on Positive Impact of Allelopathic Plant Leaf Ashes on Soil Fertility and its Characterization

2025-05-31T06:24:25+00:00

A method was developed to synthesize an eco-friendly alkaline solution from acidic leaves having an allelopathic effect. The mild alkaline solutionprepared showed significant potential as a sustainable fertilizer for crops due to its rich nutrient composition. Ashes derived from allelopathicplants act as an excellent source of essential plant nutrients and contain elements that enhance soil conditions, thereby promoting better plantgrowth and development. Further, the study was carried out to analyze the presence of key elements, calcium, magnesium, potassium, boron,etc., by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX).The study also examined how the application of allelopathic plant leaf ashes influenced soil pH from neutral (7.48) to highly alkaline (8.60)and salinity variations during the growth of various plant species. According to our findings, incorporating allelopathic plant leaf ashes greatlypromotes plant growth because of the combined effects of elevated pH and nutrient levels, which are analyzed by soil sample analysis.

Electro-analytical Characterization and Method Validation of Cysteine by Cyclic Voltammetry

2025-05-31T06:22:23+00:00

This study investigates the electrochemical behavior of L-cysteine using cyclic voltammetry (CV) on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) in aphosphate buffer solution (pH 8.0). Cysteine, a biologically significant thiol-containing amino acid, exhibits an irreversible oxidation peakcorresponding to the electrooxidation of its -SH group, following a diffusion-controlled mechanism. The influence of scan rate (10–70 mV/s)and pH (4.0–9.0) on the redox process was systematically examined, revealing a proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) mechanism. Themethod was validated as per ICH guidelines, demonstrating excellent linearity (10–50 x10-3 M, R² = 0.9752), precision (%RSD < 1.12%),accuracy (recovery 98.64–103.06%), and sensitivity (LoD = 0.192 x10-2 M, LoQ = 0.582 x10-2 M). Robustness studies confirmed methodstability under slight pH variations. These findings establish CV as a rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective alternative for cysteine quantificationin biochemical and nutritional analysis.