Exploration of Substituted Thiazolidine-2,4-Diones: Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Evaluation

Abstract

This research article presents a thorough investigation into the synthesis and assessment of a novel series of compounds- thiazolidine-2,4-diones,specifically 5-((3-methyl-5-phenoxy-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methylene)-3-((5-(4-nitrophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methyl)thiazolidine2,4-dione and other derivatives, focusing on their potential as antibacterial and antifungal agents. The study encompasses a wide array ofexperiments and analyses aimed at evaluating the antimicrobial activity of these compounds against various gram-positive bacteria (including Bacillus megaterium and Micrococcus spp.) and gram-negative microorganisms (such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi). Furthermore, theantifungal activity of the compounds was assessed against Ganoderma spp., Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, and Penicillium spp. The structural identityand purity of the synthesized compounds were verified using different spectroscopic techniques, namely IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and massspectrometry. Following the confirmation, the compounds underwent antibacterial and antifungal screening, revealing that KS/5a and KS/5bdemonstrated remarkable antibacterial activity compared to other compounds in the series. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)values of KS/5a and KS/5b were determined and found to be below the recommended threshold, indicating their potential as highly effectiveantibacterial agents.