Over-the-Counter NSAID: Understanding Pharmacist Knowledge and Dispensing Trends in Kerala

Abstract

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen and paracetamol, are widely used over-the-counter (OTC) medicationsfor pain and inflammation. However, their accessibility raises concerns about misuse and adverse effects. This cross-sectional study evaluatedpharmacists’ knowledge, dispensing practices, and challenges regarding OTC NSAIDs in Kerala, India. A structured questionnaire was administered to 100 registered pharmacists. Results revealed that only 47% were aware of OTC NSAID guidelines, while 56% provided patientcounselling. Paracetamol was the most frequently dispensed NSAID. Statistical analysis (chi-square, regression) showed no significant associationbetween knowledge and factors like age, experience, or pharmacy type. Key challenges included customer misuse (37%) and insufficientregulatory enforcement. The study highlights critical gaps in pharmacists’ awareness and inconsistent counselling practices, underscoring theneed for enhanced training, standardized guidelines, and stricter OTC regulations. These measures could mitigate risks associated with selfmedicationand improve public health outcomes in Kerala.