ANALYSIS OF URINE FOR EARLY DETECTION OF VARIOUS CANCERS

Abstract

From the ancient time, urine is been used as an important fluid for determination of various disorders. Recently, it was
found that presence of certain metabolites in the urine can help in prediction of fatal disease like cancer. These molecules
can be determined by noninvasive and cost-effective methods. Current modern analytical development has enabled us to
effectively measure such metabolites for earlier and deeper understanding of various cancers. In the year 2006, the very
first study using NMR and mass spectrometry (MS) was done for this and since then various analytical techniques have
been used for determination of various cancers biomarkers in early stage present in the urine. Till date various tumor
markers associated with breast, ovary, liver, gastrointestinal tract, lung, pancreas, bone and blood were successfully
identified by using these methods. Here, a review is done for the major biomarkers associated with predominant cancers
like breast, lung and prostate cancer.