TUMOUR MARKERS FOR LUNG AND BREAST CANCERS

Abstract

Cancer can be defined as uncontrolled cell proliferation, with loss of apoptosis causing tissue invasion, metastasis and
angiogenesis. Among the various cancers, lung cancer and breast cancer are the most common dominant cause for death
in India. It was observed that out of 40,000 cases of lung cancer, 80% patient die within one year of detection of disease
and only 5% survive for more than 5 years. Breast cancer is one of the most fatal cancers in the women especially middle
aged and ranked one among Indians female. It has shown the highest mortality rate of 12.7 per 100,000 women. If
specific biomarkers are identify for lung and breast cancer at its early stage then it will be very helpful in treatment of
cancer. Predictive markers like HER2, BRCA1, CEA, CA-125, CA 15-3 are such markers with high accuracy, present in
human plasma samples. It was observed that over 2/3 of cancer diagnosed at late stage the survival ratio is decreased less than 5
years. Therefore, the core purpose of this review is to identify such markers useful for detection of lung and breast
cancer and to study them in detail.