AN OVERVIEW OF PATHOGENESIS, EMERGING THERAPIES, MULTI-ORGAN MANIFESTATIONS AND TECHNOLOGIES IN THE TREATMENT OF COVID-19

Abstract

The worldwide expansion of the novel coronavirus (nCoV) was termed as a pandemic by the World health organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020. After the epidemic of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS CoV) in the year 2012 and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (SARS CoV) in the year 2002, the nCoV is the thirdlargest pandemic occurring at a large scale and has high pathogenicity. Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 found to be the main target receptor of nCoV which was also the target receptor of SARS CoV. The increasing cases of nCoV worldwide are mainly because of its high transmission from one human to another. The clinical symptoms may include fatigue, cough, fever, breathlessness which may be severe in elderly patients or those with compromised immune systems. Since, there is no confirmed treatment available for the management of nCoV, some antivirals and antimalarials along with other therapies are being investigated by several researchers. As there is no exhaustive description of the COVID-19 manifestations to multiple organs which makes it difficult for physicians to educate quickly for the highly infectious and lethal pathogen. Thus, it is required to determine the impact of COVID-19 on the central nervous system, cardiovascular system, the ocular and renal system of the patient. Also, the effect of COVID-19 on the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, cancer, pregnancy, and heart needs to be studied. In this article, we tried to summarize the pathogenesis, possible treatment strategies, and the impact of COVID-19 on different organs and conditions. Along with that, the impact of SARS CoV-2 on the pharma industry and scope of Ayurveda and innovations in the management of the pandemic has been focussed.