REMEDIATION TECHNIQUES FOR HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATED ECOSYSTEM – A REVIEW

Abstract

Universal rejuvenation is responsible for industrialization, urbanization and numerous anthropogenic activities, which involves the vast application of heavy metals. Mostly heavy metals are released to our environment during the processing and disposal of heavy metal containing products. Environmental pollution caused by the heavy metal increases attention worldwide because of their toxicity in plant, animal and human beings and their lack of biodegradability. Once metals are contaminating the environment, they may persist for long time depending on the nature of metal. The remediation process for heavy metal contaminated sites may be in-situ or ex-situ, On-site or off-site and biological, physical and chemical. Also these techniques used in combination with each other for more economical and efficient remediation of a heavy metal contaminated ecosystem. Biological remediation in biotransformation of heavy metals into non-hazardous form is well-documented, and considerate the molecular mechanism of metal accumulation has frequent biotechnological implications for bioremediation of metal-contaminated sites. In view of this, the present review investigates the several remediation technologies used for the recovery of metal-contaminated environments.